Charles Hullmandel, after Count Alfred D’Orsay

T05029 Portrait of J.M.W. Turner (‘The Fallacy of Hope’) engr. Charles Joseph Hullmandel, pub.1851

Lithograph 328 × 225 (12 7/8 × 8 7/8) on India paper 411 × 263 (16 1/8 × 10 3/8); plate-mark 377 × 243 (14 7/8 × 9 1/2)
Engraved inscription: ‘The Fallacy of Hope’ below image at centre
Presented by Richard Godfrey in memory of Wilfred Yee Huie 1988
Prov:...; Richard Godfrey, by whom presented

The title of this portrait of the elderly Turner is an allusion to the subject's unpublished poem of that name, portions of which he had for many years attached to some of his exhibited pictures. D'Orsay's original drawing, in chalks, is in a private collection (A. Wilton, Turner in his Time, 1987, p.217, pl.286). A writer in the Athenaeum (17 March 1858, p.344) described it thus: ‘The best sketch of him [Turner] we know is Count D'Orsay's clever drawing of him at some soireé with a tea-cup in his hand’. According to a pencil annotation on an impression of the lithograph on the art market in 1992, the likeness was convincing: ‘Who would guess this to be a portrait of the great Painter J.W. Turner, but it is, and not unlike his general aspect at an Even^g Party’. Another pencil note on an impression in the National Portrait Gallery claims that D'Orsay's drawing was ‘said to have been touched by Landseer’ (R. Walker, Regency Portraits, 1985, I, p.512); and another impression is, as kindly pointed out by William Drummond, inscribed in ink in an old hand ‘Sketch taken by Landseer at a tea party’. The involvement of Landseer (presumably Edwin) cannot be discounted as he was certainly a friend of D'Orsay, but nor can it be proved.

Turner is seen at a conversazione held by his patron Elhanan Bicknell (1788–1861), collector and whaling entrepreneur. Bicknell regularly entertained artists at his house on Herne Hill, and Ruskin and E.W. Cooke were among those who met Turner there. These gatherings, which usually took place on Sundays, are delightfully recalled by Edgar Browne, the son of the artist Hablot Knight Browne (Phiz), in ‘Mr. Bicknell and his Friends’, the fourth chapter of his book Phiz and Dickens, 1913. D'Orsay's drawing evidently shows Turner in the ‘old drawing room’ at Herne Hill, for in the background are several of the watercolours which, as Browne described, were set directly into the rococo panelling of the walls: ‘The pictures in this room were all water-colours, and were not hung in the usual manner, but inset, the gilded mouldings acting as frames ... Turner's “Rivers of France”, if I remember rightly, served as decoration of the doors’. (See also G. Waagen, Treasures of Art in Great Britain, 1845, p.351.) J. Hogarth, the publisher of Hullmandel's lithograph after D'Orsay, had in 1845 issued John Pye's engraving (W.G. Rawlinson, The Engraved Work of J.M.W. Turner, II, 1913, p.206, no.622) after Turner's painting ‘Ehrenbreitstein’, originally commissioned by the engraver and bought by Bicknell the previous year (private collection; M. Butlin and E. Joll, The Paintings of J.M.W. Turner, 1984, no.361). For Bicknell's Turners, see P. Bicknell and H. Guiterman, ‘The Turner Collector: Elhanan Bicknell’, Turner Studies, vol.7, no.1, 1987, pp.34–44.

Several other derivations from this portrait type are recorded. A watercolour (260 × 165, 10 1/4 × 6 1/2) at the Lady Lever Art Gallery, Port Sunlight, ascribed to William Henry Hunt, was considered by Walker, who did not know of the chalk drawing, to be ‘possibly the original’ (Walker 1985, I, p.512); an impression of the Hullmandel lithograph in the National Portrait Gallery must be another state as it bears the different lettering ‘Count D'Orsay delt. Hulmandel lith’; D'Orsay himself etched a profile of the head only, on a slightly larger scale; a stipple vignette of the head and shoulders, also enlarged, formed the frontispiece of Thomas Miller's Turner's and Girtin's Picturesque Views, 1854; and see Charles Turner T04842 below for a stipple engraving published in 1852 and partly dependent on this composition.

Published in:
Tate Gallery: Illustrated Catalogue of Acquisitions 1986-88, London 1996